Yes, X-ray is the gold standard. Technology has advanced in the sense that the protein crystallization is now more standardized and automated, as well as the analysis of the results.
It is not the only technique, for example there are cheaper ones based on mass spectrometry which do not resolve the full structure but allow to understand which amino acids are spatially near; such information is useful when developing a protein model and to validate whether a model is plausible.
The other two major techniques for structure resolution are NMR spectra analysis and the fairly novel technique of cryo electro microscopy.
These in general do not resolve the protein structure to the same resolution as X-ray but have other advantages: they allow you to observe the protein structure when in solution, which may be significantly different from the crystallized structure.
Yes, X-ray is the gold standard. Technology has advanced in the sense that the protein crystallization is now more standardized and automated, as well as the analysis of the results.
It is not the only technique, for example there are cheaper ones based on mass spectrometry which do not resolve the full structure but allow to understand which amino acids are spatially near; such information is useful when developing a protein model and to validate whether a model is plausible.
The other two major techniques for structure resolution are NMR spectra analysis and the fairly novel technique of cryo electro microscopy.
These in general do not resolve the protein structure to the same resolution as X-ray but have other advantages: they allow you to observe the protein structure when in solution, which may be significantly different from the crystallized structure.